The Communication Model:

The fundamental purpose of a communications system is the exchange of data between two parties. The key elements of the model are:-

Source: - This device generates the data to be transmitted; examples are telephones and personal computers.

Transmitter Usually, the data generated by a source system are not transmitted directly in the form in which they were generated. Rather, a transmitter transforms and encodes the information in such a way as to produce electromagnetic signals that can be transmitted across some sort of transmission system.

For example, a modem takes a digital bit stream from an attached device such as a personal computer and transforms that bit stream into an analog signal that can be handled by the telephone network.

Transmission System. This can be a single transmission line or a complex network connecting source and destination.

Receiver. The receiver accepts the signal from the transmission system and converts it into a form that can be handled by the destination device. For example, a modem will accept an analog signal coming from a network or transmission line and convert it into a digital bit stream.

Destination. Takes the incoming data from the receiver.